Abduction From Israel to India: My "ex" husband and I are both Indian Jews who immigrated to Israel. He has taken our son to India and without my permission refuses to return and is keeping him there with his family. What legal action can I take?

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The Hague Convention will not apply, as India, unlike Israel, is not bound by it, so you will have to file for an order to the appropriate court in the state where you believe your son to be. To do so you must have a custody order from Israel, even temporary.